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Dementia has different types based on its cause these types include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy body, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Parkinson’s disease, among others. Types of Dementia and Cognitive Spectrumĭementia is associated with neurodegenerative disorder diversity, as well as neuronal dysfunction and death. The diagnosis of dementia is usually based on several criteria, such as the medical history of patients with clinical, neurological, and psychological examination, laboratory studies, and neuroimaging. Dementia and Medical Diagnosisĭementia occurs when the brain has been affected by a specific disease or condition that causes cognitive impairment. The review aims to reveal subtle changes that might define indicators for the early detection of dementia that will help medical doctors and clinicians in planning and providing a more reliable prediction of the course of the disease in addition to the optimal therapeutic program to provide dementia patients additional years of a higher quality of life. This review has focused on using EEG as an investigating tool and physiological biomarker to identify dementia in early stages and classify the degree of its severity by signal processing and analysis. EEG is also widely available and faster to use than other imaging devices. An EEG marker would be a noninvasive method that may have the sensitivity to detect dementia early and even classify the degree of its severity at a lower cost for mass screening.
#WHAT DOES EEG SHOW FULL#
In parallel, over the last two decades, significant growth was noted in the research interest on EEG, as the full investigation of neurodynamic time-sensitive biomarker that helps in detecting cortical abnormalities associated with cognitive decline and dementia. Therefore, developing and integrating these biomarkers to identify dementia in early stages are important to derive an optimal diagnostic index. These improvements include biochemical, genetic, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological biomarkers. In the past years, significant advances have been made to reveal the early stages of dementia through biomarkers. The early diagnosis of dementia will help dementia patients start an early treatment based on the symptoms. Predicting dementia in the early stages would be essential for improving treatment management before brain damage occurs. This disorder can be described clinically as a syndrome that causes a decline in cognitive domain (i.e., attention, memory, executive function, visual-spatial ability, and language). Introductionĭementia refers to a group of disorders caused by the gradual dysfunction and death of brain cells.
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This paper also provides an idea from the most popular studies that may help in diagnosing dementia in early stages and classifying through electroencephalogram signal processing and analysis. It continues with a description of feature extraction by using linear and nonlinear techniques, and it ends with a brief explanation of vast variety of separation techniques to classify EEG signals. The review starts with a discussion of dementia types and cognitive spectrum followed by the presentation of the effective preprocessing denoising to eliminate possible artifacts. This paper reviews the role of electroencephalogram as a biomarker based on signal processing to detect dementia in early stages and classify its severity. The use of electroencephalogram as a tool for the detection of changes in brain activities and clinical diagnosis is becoming increasingly popular for its capabilities in quantifying changes in brain degeneration in dementia. Indeed, early diagnosis helps patients to obtain the maximum treatment benefit before significant mental decline occurs. Efforts are being made to diagnose these neurodegenerative disorders in the early stages. The early detection and classification of dementia are important clinical support tasks for medical practitioners in customizing patient treatment programs to better manage the development and progression of these diseases.